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CCUS: Green Chemistry Based Technological Solutions and Research Paths

Himmat Singh

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is among the largest challenges on the horizon. CCU is considered an important CO₂ mitigation strategy to support CCS objective for the abatement and sequestration of captured CO₂, captured from different sources. While many CCU applications can be considered technically feasible, main barriers to their industrial implementation are: Energy penalty in general, higher costs compared with conventional production paths and hydrogen from renewable resources. The applications of principles of Green Chemistry (GC) and engineering have enabled solutions to these barriers.

Since 2000 onward, the chemical industry has moved into new realm of processes which are less energy intensive, of higher efficiency and environmentally more acceptable. Examples include green solvents such as ionic liquids and supercritical CO₂, cryogenic carbon capture, co-production of hydrogen electrochemical CO₂ capture and chemical looping combustion systems. Conversion of captured CO₂ into value added products is being achieved through novel technological approaches such as plasma chemical, co-reactant and green hydrogen based CO₂ conversion, and “solar fuel” conversion paths.