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STEAP1 as a New Diagnostic Marker Candidate for Prostate Cancer

Ye-Eun Kim, Minho Kim, Jin woo Min, Mi Jung Kim, Ki-Young Kim, Hee cheol Kang

Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the world. Although the diagnosis rate through PSA has increased, PSA also showed false positive even in non-prostate cancer patient. Therefore, it needs to provide more specific diagnostic markers. STEAP1 is involved in cell to cell communication. It is also highly expressed specifically in prostate cancer. Therefore, by evaluating the expression level of STEAP1 in exosomes, we intend to evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic marker.

Design: In order to test the expression level of STEAP1 in the prostate cancer cell line, the gastric cancer cell line and keratinocyte, RT-PCR was initially used. To check whether STEAP1 is present in the exosome, the protein expression level was checked using western blot and its role in cell migration was investigated.

Result: STEAP1 exhibited a high expression level only in prostate cell lines but not in other cancer cell and control cell lines by qRT-PCR. The expression level of STEAP1 derived from exosome was also found to be 3-4 times higher in cancer cell lines than in normal prostate cell lines in Western blot analysis. Migration and invasion rate of AGS cells increased when exosome containing STEAP1 was treated.

Conclusion: Even though mRNA expression of STEAP1 is high in prostate cell lines, exosomal STEAP1 protein is only detected in the prostate cancer cell lines. Therefore, exosome-derived STEAP1 can be used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. In addition, exosome-derived STEAP1 may increase metastasis of other cancers, so it should be a new target for the cancer metastasis.