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The critical magnetic fields of superconductivity

Ekpekpo Arthur

We now consider effects on the upper critical and lower critical fields for a system with two almost degenerate order parameters. Let us first consider the upper critical field Hc2. Such an investigation has recently been carried out including the order parameters of two representations, by [6]. Several other groups have also considered the problem of a single representation whose degeneracy is lifted by the presence of a magnetic ordering. We have to extend our free-energy expression by including the gradient terms.